By: Irene Shtrulis
Recovering Self, written as an undergraduate honors thesis in creative writing, consists of two parts. The first part entitled “Writing to Permeate Cultural Borders: Analysis of Mango Street” reviews and analyzes the themes and composition of The House on Mango Street, authored by Sandra Cisneros, and serves as the introduction to the ensuing collection of short stories. It also focuses on multicultural individuals’ ability to serve as intercultural mediators, or liaisons among different groups, through writing and rhetoric. The second part of the thesis consists of a collection of short stories, or vignettes that are subdivided into three logical sections: Departure, Arrival, Recovery; the stories are original pieces that focus on a young immigrant’s memories and her search for identity. This search for identity delves into the young girl’s past and implicitly reconstructs her life through the readers’ eyes. Throughout the work, the search for identity is an active process as it presents situations to which readers can relate or empathize with. The stories, while written in a unique style, were inspired by Cisneros’s composite novel. Thus, Recovering Self echoes the themes and mimics the format of The House on Mango Street. The overall theme of the entire work lies in its multicultural appeal. Both the critical review and the actual vignette collection deal with the notion of being an intercultural mediator, a role in which one produces work that will increase knowledge and understanding between different ethnic groups through the human ability to relate to similar events in life.
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Reflecting the mounting conflict amidst the militaristic innovation of Cnaeus Pompeius and the oligarchic sentiments of Lucius Licinius Lucullus in 62 B.C.E., the poet Archias, Marcus Tullius Cicero’s childhood tutor, faces prosecution based on the tribunal law of Gaius Papius expelling non-Roman citizens. While Cicero’s defense of Archias’s citizenship depends upon the Lex Julia and the Lex Plautia Papiria, Cicero focuses on Archias's status as a heralded Roman poet. Thus, “Pro Archia Poeta” illuminates Cicero’s perceptions regarding the literary foundations of an education and the implications of a political career. By emphasizing notions of glory, honor, and duty in the Roman Republic, “Pro Archia Poeta” establishes the preeminence of literature within a legal education.
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By: Krisda Chaiyachati, Edmund Morrell, and Sachin Varghese
Under the guise of national security and September 11th, the PATRIOT Act repeats a pattern in which the U.S. government has relaxed the protection of civil liberties and fundamental rights. A history of Executive Branch agencies neglecting fundamental rights led to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and the Church Committee. Reforms, recommended by the Church committee and implemented through FISA were put in place to protect the American people from an overzealous government or intelligence agency blinded by its pursuit of national security. The PATRIOT Act’s amendments weaken the protection of civil liberties and effective accountability. The Act expands governmental powers and removes many of the existent safeguards, leaving Americans open to an empowered executive branch unrestrained by effective oversight. Since its inception, actions taken under the provisions of the PATRIOT Act have been shrouded in secrecy, even from Congressional oversight committees. In order to prevent violations mirroring those prior to FISA and the Church Committee, reforms must be made to the Act. What is needed is more consensus, more intense oversight which does not only include a reactive judiciary but also a constructive, proactive Congress, and more candidness about what freedoms are being sacrificed in order to protect the United States from terror. Only after a nation weighs the costs of a domestic war on terror can it strike the proper balance between freedom and safety.
By: Valerie Marshall
The purpose of this research is to identify ways in which ecotourism operations can benefit local communities in Kenya. In recent years, sustainable development and ecotourism in developing nations have become the new focus of these nations’ attempts to preserve their resources and increase their economic stability. However, when promoting the preservation of lands in developing nations, planners must take into account the local communities who base their livelihoods and economies on natural resources. Kenya has had the longest running ecotourism operations in all of Africa, but its past is riddled with government corruption and acquisition of indigenous land, which has hurt the amount of benefits that communities can derive from wildlife protection. This paper will illustrate the range of Kenyan ecotourism operations (government, non-government, and private) and the nature of their relationship with the local people. It will also show how these local communities currently benefit from ecotourism. Considering that Kenya has several setbacks to local community benefits because it is a developing nation, a comparison with a strong ecotourism organization in a developed nation is necessary to discuss how Kenyan ecotourism can improve its local community benefits.
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By: Kunal Mitra
Minority politics unarguably play a role in U.S. elections and representation, as evidenced by the courting of African-American and Jewish voters in times of election and the activism of minority interest groups on political issues. The Indian-American community in the U.S. though has only begun to use its political voice or organize a united approach to politics as other minority interest groups have. Obstacles that this minority ethnic group must face in exercising political influence include its small numbers, divided factions within those numbers, and presently a lack of significant historical precedent as to how the group should maneuver to pursue political objectives. Indian-Americans have begun to mobilize, however, and in addition to establishing national-level interest groups and voter education centers many local successes have been attained which Indian-American communities throughout the U.S. can seek to emulate. One such example can be found in the 4th district of Georgia, a majority-minority district in which an incumbent Democratic candidate Cynthia McKinney lost in the primary against Denise Majette, the latter having the support of the Indian-American community in the area. Although other organizations and voting groups are credited for the victory of Congresswoman Majette, Indian-American supporters demonstrated a unified effort and an early, organized response in the competition which indicates the continuing maturation of Indian-American politics. This new activism and organized fundraising within 4th district has caused political actors such as Congresswoman Majette to recognize the importance of this group and represent their interests.
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By: Gehres Paschal
Hildegard of Bingen was a twelfth-century nun, writer, theologian, natural philosopher, medical practitioner, political activist and playwright among other tittles. She is also the presumed author of the original medical text Liber simplicis medicinae, more commonly known as Physica, originally presented in a set of five manuscripts. One of the documents, Cause et cure (Causes and Cures) contains twelfth century medical principles and has been preserved in a thirteenth century manuscript. The concepts discussed in Cause et Cure incorporate the Empedoclectic doctrine: four distinct elements- fire, air, water, and earth-which are essential to all life. These four basic elements are also an integral part of the ideas illustrated in the Corpus Hippocraticum, one of the most well-known medical documents of Antiquity. Each of the Empedoclectic factors corresponds to the four fundamental bodily fluids: yellow bile, blood, phlegm, and black bile. In Cause et Cure, Hildegard describes a healthy person as having a balance of these four bodily fluids; therefore, a diseased person would have an imbalance of any of the four bodily substances also known as “humors.” In Cause et Cure, Hildegard prescribes treatments that essentially readjust the imbalance of the humors via diet, medication, lifestyle, as well as the elimination of waste matter via sweating, sneezing, crying, vomiting and bloodletting. Many of Hildegard’s proposed medical treatments stem from the Hippocratic tenet “cure opposites with opposites.” Hildegard also prescribes many natural remedies such as the use of bear fat and wheat for treating hair loss, as well as a sage and vinegar concoction that is used to treat migraine headaches. Between 1983 and 1994, over forty percent of the drugs approved by the FDA were derived from natural compounds. Furthermore, natural compounds often provide a lead to the development of new synthetic drugs. In intend to deconstruct particular natural remedies described in Cause et Cure, and through contemporary scientific analysis, reveal any similarities in the chemical basis of various medications used today. I would also like to examine the possibility of additional research surrounding the natural remedies described in Hildegard’s Cause et Cure in the context of future drug discovery.
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By: Katherine Sheriff
Negative campaigning changed the face of Georgia politics throughout the last twenty years. Due to the public policy implications and increasing frequency of negative advertising as an attack vehicle, scholars engaged in research studying different areas of negative advertising. The purpose of this research is to examine selected 2002 Georgia elections and review specific scholarly studies to determine the effects of attack advertising in the context of real campaigns. Although quantitative data such as election results enriched the research, this study is based primarily on qualitative research derived from personal interviews, newspaper sources, relevant scholarly literature, campaign materials, and advertisements. The examined elections included the Governor’s race between Roy Barnes and Sonny Perdue, the State Senate race between Doug Haines and Brian Kemp, the State Senate Primary race between Joyce Stevens and Renee Unterman, and the U.S. Senate race between Max Cleland and Saxby Chambliss. Results show that the use of negative campaigning is increasing and that the characteristics of candidates most likely to use attack advertising in Georgia campaigns are consistent in real campaigns. Findings from scholarly research are demonstrated, specifically, negative advertisements are highly effective during campaigns and seem to lead to electoral victories. Likewise, the traditional view that extreme negativity in advertisements could yield negative effects on the sponsor is disproved due to the phenomena of the sleeper effect which depletes any backlash to the source without diminishing the negative message. These findings create interesting positions for future candidates, the public, and the media.
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